{"id":2004,"date":"2026-01-17T17:07:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-17T08:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=2004"},"modified":"2026-01-25T13:24:10","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T04:24:10","slug":"%e3%80%90%e8%8b%b1%e8%aa%9e%e3%81%ae%e3%80%8c%e5%a7%8b%e3%81%be%e3%82%8a%e3%80%8d%e3%81%be%e3%81%a7%e3%81%ae%e7%89%a9%e8%aa%9e%e3%80%91%e5%8c%97%e6%b5%b7%e3%82%b2%e3%83%ab%e3%83%9e%e3%83%b3%e8%aa%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=2004","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u82f1\u8a9e\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3011\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3078"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=1961\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1961\">\u524d\u56de\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b<\/a>\u3067\u306f\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u304c\u5206\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u9ad8\u5730\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u9769\u65b0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4e00\u65b9\u305d\u306e\u9803\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f&#8230;\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a71\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u306b\u6271\u3046\u306e\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u732e\u304c\u6b8b\u308b\u6642\u4ee3\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u72ed\u3044\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306e<strong>\u300c\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u300d\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3067<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u53f2\u306e\u5165\u9580\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306f\u5c04\u7a0b\u306b\u5165\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306b\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u307e\u3067\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u77e5\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u304c\u671d\u65e5\u306b\u7167\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5c11\u3057\u524d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8584\u660e\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u306e\u305e\u3044\u3066\u898b\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-simplebox b--jinr-block-container\"><div class=\"b--jinr-block b--jinr-box d--heading-box1  \"><div class=\"a--simple-box-title d--bold\">\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3068(\u3086\u308b\u3084\u304b\u306b)\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/div><div class=\"c--simple-box-inner\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list jinr-list\">\n<li>This book sells well.<span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\"> (\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u3088\u304f\u58f2\u308c\u308b\u3002)<\/span>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u80fd\u52d5\u53d7\u52d5\u6587\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u82f1\u8a9e we, me \u3068\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e wir, mir \u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tooth-de<strong>n<\/strong>tal, five-pe<strong>n<\/strong>tagon<span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u4e94\u89d2\u5f62)<\/span> \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8a9e\u6e90\u7684\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u30da\u30a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u501f\u7528\u8a9e\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b <strong>n<\/strong> \u304c\u82f1\u8a9e\u672c\u6765\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300a\u82f1\u8a9e\u672c\u6765\u8a9e\u2015\u53e4\u30ce\u30eb\u30c9\u8a9e\u7531\u6765\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u300b\u306e\u30da\u30a2 <strong>y<\/strong>ard-<strong>g<\/strong>arden, <strong>ch<\/strong>est-<strong>k<\/strong>ist(\u5927\u304d\u306a\u7bb1), <strong>sh<\/strong>irt-<strong>sk<\/strong>irt \u3067\u306f\u3001\u540c\u6839\u8a9e\u306a\u306e\u306b\u8a9e\u982d\u306e\u97f3(=\u6587\u5b57)\u304c\u9055\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u82f1\u8a9e live \u3068\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e leben \u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u203b\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u5411\u3051\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u5408\u3044\u306b\u51fa\u3059\u5834\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u304b\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3082\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u9577\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3010\u88dc\u8db3\u3011\u306f\u6700\u521d\u306f\u96a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u80cc\u666f\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9069\u5b9c\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-designtitle b--jinr-block b--jinr-h2rich d--h2rich-left d--h2rich-style3 d--titledesign-weight-thin d--h2rich-number d--block-animation-off\" style=\"border-color:false\"><div class=\"c--h2rich-decoration\"><div class=\"a--h2rich-number ef\" style=\"color:false\">1<\/div><\/div><div class=\"c--h2rich-contents\"><span class=\"a--h2rich-subcopy ef\" style=\"color:false\">North Sea Germanic<\/span><h2 class=\"a--h2rich-maincopy d--bold ef\" style=\"color:false\">\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u6982\u89b3<\/h2><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306b\u6b21\u306e3\u3064\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5185\u9678\u90e8(\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u5357\u5074)\u304b\u3089\u9806\u306b\u6319\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25cb\u30a8\u30eb\u30d9\u5ddd\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e<br>\u25cb\u30f4\u30a7\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5ddd\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e<br>\u25cb\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u30d5\u30ea\u30b8\u30a2\u8a9e\u306a\u3069\u3068\u5171\u306b\u30013\u3064\u3081\u306e<strong>\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e<\/strong>\u306b\u5c5e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u3001\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3068\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3082\u591a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u9855\u8457\u306a\u306e\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-simplebox b--jinr-block-container\"><div class=\"b--jinr-block b--jinr-box d--heading-box5  \"><div class=\"a--simple-box-title d--bold\">\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u7279\u5fb4<\/div><div class=\"c--simple-box-inner\">\n<p>\u25cb<strong>\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e<\/strong>\u306e\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cb\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u8a9e\u5c3e <strong>r (&lt;*z) \u306e\u6d88\u5931<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cb\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b<strong>\u8907\u6570\u4eba\u79f0\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306e\u7d71\u4e00<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cb\u7121\u58f0\u6469\u64e6\u97f3\u306e\u524d\u3067\u9f3b\u97f3\u304c\u8131\u843d\u3057\u3001\u5148\u884c\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u5ef6\u9577<strong>(\u9f3b\u97f3\u6d88\u5931\u3068\u4ee3\u66ff\u5ef6\u9577)<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cb\u8edf\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3 *k *g \u306e<strong>\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3\u5316<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\u304c\u4e26\u3093\u3067\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3068\u611f\u3058\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u4ed6\u306e\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8af8\u8a9e\u3068\u5206\u3051\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u4f8b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u306a\u304c\u3089\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordion b--jinr-block b--jinr-accordion block-6b593617-1e74-490c-bd0a-a88b86ae5c6e d--accordion-default d--accordion-outline\"><style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-6b593617-1e74-490c-bd0a-a88b86ae5c6e .a--accordion-title {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-6b593617-1e74-490c-bd0a-a88b86ae5c6e .b--jinr-accordion-item{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #dddddd!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-6b593617-1e74-490c-bd0a-a88b86ae5c6e .a--accordion-toggle span{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordionchild\"><dl class=\"b--jinr-accordion-item\"><div class=\"a--accordion-toggle\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"a--acc-question ef\">Q<\/div><dt class=\"a--accordion-title d--bold\">\u3010\u88dc\u8db3\u3011\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3068\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u8a9e<\/dt><dd class=\"c--accordion-contents\">\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6a19\u6e96<strong>\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e<\/strong>\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30eb\u30d9\u5ddd\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u65b9\u8a00\u3092\u6bcd\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5730\u57df\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3082\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u3066\u8fd1\u4ee3\u671f\u4ee5\u964d\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<strong>\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u8a9e<\/strong>\u306f\u30f4\u30a7\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u5ddd\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u53e4\u5e95\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b1\u30f3\u65b9\u8a00\u3084\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u53e4\u4f4e\u5730\u30b6\u30af\u30bb\u30f3\u8a9e\u3092\u6bcd\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3053\u308c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8e0f\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/dl><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-designtitle b--jinr-block b--jinr-h2rich d--h2rich-left d--h2rich-style3 d--titledesign-weight-thin d--h2rich-number d--top-margin-xl-pc d--top-margin-xl-sp d--block-animation-off\" style=\"border-color:false\"><div class=\"c--h2rich-decoration\"><div class=\"a--h2rich-number ef\" style=\"color:false\">2<\/div><\/div><div class=\"c--h2rich-contents\"><span class=\"a--h2rich-subcopy ef\" style=\"color:false\">North Sea Germanic<\/span><h2 class=\"a--h2rich-maincopy d--bold ef\" style=\"color:false\">\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u7279\u5fb4<\/h2><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6d88\u5931<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a9e\u6d3e\u3092\u554f\u308f\u305a\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u6307\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u767a\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u3001\u300c\u518d\u5e30\u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e sich, \u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u306e se \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u306a\u3044\u8efd\u3044\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u3001\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u8a9e\u306e \u0441\u044f \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u304f\u3063\u3064\u3044\u3066\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u63a5\u8f9e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u542b\u3080<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e<strong>\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e<\/strong>\u3092\u5931\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u518d\u5e30\u7684\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\u7269\u3092\u6307\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u98a8\u306b\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u300aI love <strong>me<\/strong>\u300b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u666e\u901a\u306e\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f myself \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044)<\/span>\u30021\u4eba\u79f0\u30682\u4eba\u79f0\u3067\u306f\u554f\u984c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u3067\u300aTom saw him\u300b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f him \u304c Tom \u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u8ab0\u304b\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306f\u660e\u793a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f \u3053\u306ehim\u3067Tom \u306f\u6307\u305b\u306a\u3044)<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0d\u5728\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u7279\u306b\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u3067\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u3092\u751f\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u5f8c\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b <strong>oneself<\/strong> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u767a\u5c55\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002himself, herself, themselves \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f3\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e(\u76ee\u7684\u683c+self)\u304b\u3089\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c myself, yourself\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f1\u30fb2\u4eba\u79f0(\u6240\u6709\u683c+self)\u3068\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordion b--jinr-block b--jinr-accordion block-34e1f5b7-3ee2-4229-8f04-bb29c5895400 d--accordion-default d--accordion-outline\"><style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-34e1f5b7-3ee2-4229-8f04-bb29c5895400 .a--accordion-title {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-34e1f5b7-3ee2-4229-8f04-bb29c5895400 .b--jinr-accordion-item{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #dddddd!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-34e1f5b7-3ee2-4229-8f04-bb29c5895400 .a--accordion-toggle span{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordionchild\"><dl class=\"b--jinr-accordion-item\"><div class=\"a--accordion-toggle\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"a--acc-question ef\">Q<\/div><dt class=\"a--accordion-title d--bold\">\u3010\u88dc\u8db3\u3011\u518d\u5e30\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u306a\u3044(?)\u82f1\u8a9e<\/dt><dd class=\"c--accordion-contents\">\n<p>\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u3001\u4ed6\u8a00\u8a9e\u307b\u3069\u306f\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u4ed6\u306e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u8af8\u8a9e\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4ed6\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u305d\u3046\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u9762\u3082\u591a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002(<strong>\u592a\u5b57<\/strong>\u306f\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u3088\u304f\u58f2\u308c\u308b\u300d<br>\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e: Dieses Buch verkauft <strong>sich<\/strong> gut.<br>\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e: Ce livre <strong>se<\/strong> vend bien.<br>\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u8a9e: \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442<strong>\u0441\u044f<\/strong>.<br>\u82f1\u8a9e: <span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color2 d--bold\">This book sells well.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u4ee5\u5916\u306f\u300c\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f<strong>\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092<\/strong>\u3088\u304f\u58f2\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u3044\u65b9\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u518d\u8d77\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u3082\u305f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u666e\u901a\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u3067\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3082\u7fd2\u3046\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306f\u300c\u4e2d\u9593\u69cb\u6587\u300d\u3084\u3089\u300c\u80fd\u52d5\u53d7\u52d5\u6587\u300d\u3084\u3089\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u672c\u6765\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u4e2d\u9593\u69cb\u6587\u300d\u306b\u306f\u300c\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\u3067\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u3092\u4f34\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306a\u3069\u6570\u3005\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79c1\u304c\u9ad8\u6821\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001This book sells well. \u3068\u3044\u3046\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3082\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306f\u666e\u901a\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u306a\u305c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u300c\u672c\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3068\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3088\u304f\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u300c\u672c\u304c\u58f2\u308b\u300d\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3057&#8230;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u300c\u80fd\u52d5\u53d7\u52d5\u6587\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u4f55\u3068\u3044\u3046\u304b\u3001\u30d3\u30bf\u30fc\u30b9\u30a3\u30fc\u30c8\u7684\u540d\u524d\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u304c\u3088\u3046\u3084\u304f\u308f\u304b\u308a\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u306e\u4e2d\u52d5\u614b\u3084\u4ed6\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u518d\u5e30\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u8151\u306b\u843d\u3061\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u5165\u9580\u66f8\u3067\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u8a00\u8a9e\u53f2\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u5931\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u51fa\u4f1a\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u611f\u899a\u3092\u6301\u3061\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u518d\u5e30\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3082\u30461\u3064\u4f8b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u5f7c\u306f\u624b\u3092\u6d17\u3046\u300d<br>\u30c9: Er w\u00e4scht <strong>sich<\/strong> die H\u00e4nde.<br>\u82f1: He washes his hands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u300c\u5f7c\u306f\u624b\u3092\u6d17\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d\u3067\u3082\u3001\u300c\u5f7c\u306f\u81ea\u8eab\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u624b\u3092\u6d17\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u4f53\u306b\u304f\u3063\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u624b\u3092\u6d17\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b(!)\u3068\u3044\u3046\u98a8\u306b\u805e\u3053\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306b\u6163\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3067\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u300c\u3053\u3053\u3067\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3044\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\u300d\u306a\u3093\u3066\u601d\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3053\u306b\u6319\u3052\u305f\u300c\u6240\u6709\u306e\u4e0e\u683c\u300d\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u6587\u3084\u3001\u518d\u5e30\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6587\u3082\u666e\u901a\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u300c\u79c1\u306f\u6050\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u304d\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f &#8220;I dread&#8221; \u3068\u8a00\u3048\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f &#8220;ic ondr\u0113d <strong>me<\/strong>&#8221; \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u6307\u3059\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u8a00\u3044\u65b9\u304c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u518d\u5e30\u7684\u306a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u8870\u9000\u3055\u305b\u3001oneself\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e oneself \u3082\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u964d\u3001adjust (oneself), behave (oneself) \u306a\u3069\u3067\u306f\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u629c\u3044\u305f\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5e83\u307e\u308a\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><\/p>\n<\/dd><\/dl><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordion b--jinr-block b--jinr-accordion block-7982aa55-acd7-47f0-83a1-c6e9eac536fe d--accordion-default d--accordion-outline\"><style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-7982aa55-acd7-47f0-83a1-c6e9eac536fe .a--accordion-title {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-7982aa55-acd7-47f0-83a1-c6e9eac536fe .b--jinr-accordion-item{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #dddddd!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-7982aa55-acd7-47f0-83a1-c6e9eac536fe .a--accordion-toggle span{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordionchild\"><dl class=\"b--jinr-accordion-item\"><div class=\"a--accordion-toggle\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"a--acc-question ef\">Q<\/div><dt class=\"a--accordion-title d--bold\">\u3010\u88dc\u8db3\u3011\u8aad\u66f8\u6848\u5185<\/dt><dd class=\"c--accordion-contents\">\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u672c\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=278\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"278\">\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b<\/a>\u3067\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u6587\u3092\u4ed6\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u518d\u5e30\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u4e2d\u9593\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304d\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u305f\u66f8\u7c4d\u306f\u3001\u5f71\u5c71[\u7de8](2001: 7\u7ae0)\u304c\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u4e2d\u9593\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u767a\u9054\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u5c3e\u30fb\u5150\u5cf6\u306b(1990)\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e self \u306e\u767a\u9054\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300e\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a9e\u6e90\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30d6\u30c3\u30af\u300f\u306e self \u306e\u9805\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3088\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/dl><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u7d71\u4e00\u8907\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306f<strong>\u8907\u6570\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6d3b\u7528\u8a9e\u5c3e\u304c\u7d71\u4e00<\/strong>\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u306e &#8220;to love&#8221; \u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u2193\u4e3b\u8a9e<\/td><td>\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e<\/td><td>\u53e4\u9ad8\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570<\/td><td><strong>lufie<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>liub\u0113m<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570<\/td><td><strong>lufast<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>liub\u0113st<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570<\/td><td><strong>lufa\u00fe<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>liub\u0113t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1\u4eba\u79f0\u8907\u6570<\/td><td><strong>luf<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">ia\u00fe<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>liub\u0113m\u0113s<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2\u4eba\u79f0\u8907\u6570<\/td><td><strong>luf<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">ia\u00fe<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>liub\u0113t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3\u4eba\u79f0\u8907\u6570<\/td><td><strong>luf<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">ia\u00fe<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>liub\u0113nt<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u306b\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3001<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u8907\u6570\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306f\u5168\u4eba\u79f0\u3067\u540c\u3058<\/span>\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u306b\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u307f\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u6cd5\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u53f2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u5c48\u6298\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306f\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u672b\u671f\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u6c34\u5e73\u5316\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u5927\u304d\u304f\u50be\u3044\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3044\u308f\u3070\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306f\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u3092\u5931\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u6b74\u53f2\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6291\u3048\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u3059\u3067\u306b\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8af8\u8a9e\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u5c48\u6298\u304c\u5c11\u3057\u3060\u3051\u5747\u4e00\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\u70b9\u306b\u3082\u76ee\u3092\u5411\u3051\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u30676\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u3092\u899a\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c4\u7a2e\u985e\u304b\u306f\u3001\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5dee\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002(\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordion b--jinr-block b--jinr-accordion block-11d930fc-919a-4f48-868d-34921e6798ba d--accordion-default d--accordion-outline\"><style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-11d930fc-919a-4f48-868d-34921e6798ba .a--accordion-title {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-11d930fc-919a-4f48-868d-34921e6798ba .b--jinr-accordion-item{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #dddddd!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-11d930fc-919a-4f48-868d-34921e6798ba .a--accordion-toggle span{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordionchild\"><dl class=\"b--jinr-accordion-item\"><div class=\"a--accordion-toggle\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"a--acc-question ef\">Q<\/div><dt class=\"a--accordion-title d--bold\">\u3010\u88dc\u8db3\u3011\u540d\u8a5e\u985e\u3067\u3082<\/dt><dd class=\"c--accordion-contents\">\n<p>\u52d5\u8a5e\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u306b\u9650\u3089\u305a\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u985e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u53e4\u30ce\u30eb\u30c9\u8a9e\u3084\u53e4\u9ad8\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f<strong>\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u8907\u6570\u5f62<\/strong>\u306f\u5168\u6027\u5171\u901a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3069\u3046\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u53e4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e &#8220;that&#8221; \u306e\u8907\u6570\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a9e\u5f62\u304c<strong>\u6027(3\u3064)\u00d7\u683c(4\u683c)<\/strong>\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066<strong>12<\/strong>\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b\u3053\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067(\u305f\u3063\u305f\u306e!)<strong>4<\/strong>\u3064\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u6e08\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e1\u4eba\u79f0\u30682\u4eba\u79f0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b mir\/mich \u306e\u8a9e\u5f62\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u6587\u732e\u3067 me \u306b\u7d71\u4e00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>(\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u53e4\u304f\u306f\u5bfe\u683c\u304c\u5225\u5f62 mec \u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8a9e\u5f62\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3082\u3001\u683c\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u533a\u5225\u3042\u308a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e3\u4eba\u79f0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066 h- \u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002she, it, they \u3082\u5143\u306f\u3001heo, hit, hie \u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30013\u4eba\u79f0\u306e\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u3082\u5168\u6027\u5171\u901a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u683c\u5909\u5316\u306f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u4f55\u7a2e\u985e\u304b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3082\u3059\u3067\u306b\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u671f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7537\u6027\u30fb\u4e2d\u6027\u306e\u6700\u5927\u6d3e\u95a5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300aa\u8a9e\u5e79\u578b\u300b\u306b\u3069\u3093\u3069\u3093\u5408\u6d41\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3067\u306f\u7537\u6027\u8907\u6570\u4e3b\u683c\u306b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a -as \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u5c3e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u8907\u6570\u8868\u793a\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u8e0f\u307e\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u53e4\u8a9e\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u30cf\u30fc\u30c9\u30eb\u306e\u4f4e\u3044\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/dl><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u8a9e\u5c3e (*z&gt;)r \u306e\u6d88\u5931<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u3001\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u985e\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e -z \u306f\u8131\u843d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u97f3\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u53e4\u9ad8\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u5f37\u52e2\u306e\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u306a\u3044\u4e00\u97f3\u7bc0\u306e\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u304c\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002*z \u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=982\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"982\">\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0<\/a>\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u5909\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f r \u3067\u73fe\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u985e\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u73fe\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u3044\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e-\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e<br>we-wi<strong>r<\/strong><br>me-mi<strong>r<\/strong><br>you-ih<strong>r<\/strong><br>who-we<strong>r<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-designtitle b--jinr-block b--jinr-h2rich d--h2rich-left d--h2rich-style3 d--titledesign-weight-thin d--h2rich-number d--top-margin-xl-pc d--top-margin-xl-sp d--block-animation-off\" style=\"border-color:false\"><div class=\"c--h2rich-decoration\"><div class=\"a--h2rich-number ef\" style=\"color:false\">3<\/div><\/div><div class=\"c--h2rich-contents\"><span class=\"a--h2rich-subcopy ef\" style=\"color:false\">North Sea Germanic<\/span><h2 class=\"a--h2rich-maincopy d--bold ef\" style=\"color:false\">\u97f3\u97fb\u7684\u7279\u5fb4<\/h2><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5909\u5316\u306f3\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u9f3b\u97f3\u6d88\u5931\u3068\u4ee3\u66ff\u5ef6\u9577<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3001<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e\u306e<strong>\u7121\u58f0\u6469\u64e6\u97f3 *s *f *\u03b8<\/strong> \u306e\u524d\u3067 <strong>*n \u304c\u8131\u843d<\/strong>\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5206\u524d\u306e\u6bcd\u97f3\u3092\u9577\u304f\u8aad\u3080\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u4ed6\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b&lt;n&gt;\u304c\u6b20\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3053\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<p><strong>\u82f1\u8a9e<\/strong>(\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e)<strong>-\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e<\/strong>(\u53e4\u9ad8\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e)<br><span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\"><span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">\u8d64\u5b57<\/span>\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=1961\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1961\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb<\/a>(\/\u03b8\/&gt;\/d\/\u3082\u542b\u3080)\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u5b50\u97f3<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>five<\/strong> (f\u012bf) &#8211; f\u00fc<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">f<\/span> (fi<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">m<\/span><\/strong>f~fi<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong>f)<br><strong>tooth<\/strong> (t\u014d\u00fe) &#8211; <span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">Z<\/span>ah<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong> (za<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong>d)<br><strong>other<\/strong> (\u014d\u00feer) &#8211; a<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">d<\/span>er (a<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong>dar)<br><strong>soft<\/strong> (s\u014dft) &#8211; sa<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong>ft (sa<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">m<\/span><\/strong>ft)<br><strong>mouth<\/strong> (m\u016b\u00fe) &#8211; Mu<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">d<\/span> (mu<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong>d)<br><strong>goose<\/strong> (g\u014ds) &#8211; Ga<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong>s (ga<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong>s)<br><strong>us<\/strong> (\u016bs) &#8211; u<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong>s (u<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">n<\/span><\/strong>s)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u5185\u306e\u540c\u8a9e\u6e90\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u3053\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u89b3\u5bdf\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002de<strong>n<\/strong>tal \u3068\u3044\u3046\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u306f\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8a9e\u5e79 de<strong>n<\/strong>t- \u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e tooth(&lt;OE t\u014d\u00fe) \u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u8a9e\u982d\u306e d&gt;t, \u8a9e\u5e79\u672b\u306e t&gt;\u03b8 \u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=1561\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e pente \u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b pe<strong>n<\/strong>tagon\u300c\u4e94\u89d2\u5f62\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5358\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3084\u306f\u308a\u82f1\u8a9e five \u3067\u306f\u6d88\u3048\u305f&lt;n&gt;\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u8a9e\u982d\u306ep&gt;f\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordion b--jinr-block b--jinr-accordion block-a151aa13-2ffa-460f-afbe-ac028b42ec04 d--accordion-default d--accordion-outline\"><style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-a151aa13-2ffa-460f-afbe-ac028b42ec04 .a--accordion-title {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-a151aa13-2ffa-460f-afbe-ac028b42ec04 .b--jinr-accordion-item{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #dddddd!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-a151aa13-2ffa-460f-afbe-ac028b42ec04 .a--accordion-toggle span{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordionchild\"><dl class=\"b--jinr-accordion-item\"><div class=\"a--accordion-toggle\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"a--acc-question ef\">Q<\/div><dt class=\"a--accordion-title d--bold\">\u3010\u88dc\u8db3\u3011\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u53e4\u8a9e\u306f\u30e2\u30fc\u30e9\u8a00\u8a9e<\/dt><dd class=\"c--accordion-contents\">\n<p>\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306f\u53e4\u304f\u306f\u300c\u30e2\u30fc\u30e9\u8a00\u8a9e\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3001\u97f3\u3092\u300c\u30e2\u30fc\u30e9\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62cd\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u6027\u683c\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30e2\u30fc\u30e9\u306e\u6570\u3048\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u539f\u5247\u300c1\u97f3\u300d\uff1d\u300c1\u30e2\u30fc\u30e9\u300d\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u9577\u6bcd\u97f3\u3084\u4e8c\u91cd\u6bcd\u97f3\u306f\u300c2\u30e2\u30fc\u30e9\u300d\u3067\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u3067\u4f8b\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><strong>wide<\/strong> \u306f [w]1 [ai]2 [d]1 =<strong>4\u30e2\u30fc\u30e9<\/strong><br><strong>width<\/strong> \u306f [w]1 [i]1 [d]1 [\u03b8]1 =<strong>4\u30e2\u30fc\u30e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u53e4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3082\u8a9e\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306e\u30e2\u30fc\u30e9\u6570\u3092\u4e00\u5b9a\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u529b\u5b66\u304c\u306f\u305f\u3089\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002(\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u50be\u5411\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u7de9\u3084\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u306e\u90fd\u5408\u4e0a\u3001\u97f3\u304c\u8131\u843d\u3057\u305f\u3089\u524d\u306e\u97f3\u3092\u9577\u97f3\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u30e2\u30fc\u30e9\u3092\u4e00\u5b9a\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b<\/span>\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3053\u3053\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u300c\u4ee3\u66ff\u5ef6\u9577\u300d\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u3001think \u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 thought \u3067\u306f\u3001&lt;gh&gt; (\u53e4\u304f\u306f&lt;h&gt;) \u306e\u524d\u3067\u539f\u5f62\u306b\u3042\u308b \/n\/ \u304c\u8131\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5206\u6bcd\u97f3&lt;ou&gt;\u304c\u9577\u97f3\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u53e4\u8a9e\u306e\u4ee3\u66ff\u5ef6\u9577\u3067\u751f\u3058\u305f th<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">i<\/span><\/strong>nk-th<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ou<\/span><\/strong>ght \u306e\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u9577\u3055\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u73fe\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u4e00\u5fdc\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u3044\u3067\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f d<strong>e<\/strong>nken-d<strong>a<\/strong>chte \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3082\u5f8c\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u77ed\u6bcd\u97f3\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/dd><\/dl><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">*k *g \u306e\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u5730\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb\u307b\u3069\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u7279\u5fb4\u3065\u3051\u308b\u5b50\u97f3\u5909\u5316\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7279\u306b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u524d\u5f8c\u306e *i \u306e\u97f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066<strong>\u8edf\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3 *k *g<\/strong> \u304c<strong>\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u5316<\/strong>(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3001\u5358\u306b\u53e3\u84cb\u5316)\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u3002\u97f3\u58f0\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u306f\u8aad\u307f\u98db\u3070\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<p><strong><span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">\u3010\u97f3\u58f0\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58: \u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3011<\/span><\/strong><br>\u53e3\u306e\u524d\u3067\u51fa\u3059(\u534a)\u6bcd\u97f3(\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\/j\/\u3084\/i\/)\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b50\u97f3\u306e\u8abf\u97f3\u70b9\u304c\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u5bc4\u308a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u300c\u304b\u300d[ka]\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u304d\u3068\u3001\u300c\u304d\u300d[ki]\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u304d\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u307f\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u300c\u304d\u300d\u306e[k]\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u820c\u304c\u76db\u308a\u4e0a\u304c\u308a\u3001\u5b50\u97f3\u304c\u53e3\u8154\u5185\u306e\u524d\u306e\u65b9\u3067\u8abf\u97f3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u6bcd\u97f3[i]\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u672c\u6765\u306f\u53e3\u306e\u5965\u306e\u65b9<strong>(\u8edf\u53e3\u84cb)<\/strong>\u3067\u767a\u97f3\u3059\u308b[k]\u306e\u97f3\u304c\u3001\u53e3\u306e\u524d\u306e\u65b9<strong>(\u786c\u53e3\u84cb)<\/strong>\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8edf\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3\u9589\u9396\u97f3[k]<\/strong>\u3068\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u8868\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u97f3\u58f0\u8a18\u53f7\u3067\u306f<strong>\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u9589\u9396\u97f3[c]<\/strong>\u306e\u8a18\u53f7\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u300c\u304b\u30fb\u304f\u30fb\u3051\u30fb\u3053\u300d\u3068\u300c\u304d\u300d\u3067\u5225\u306e\u97f3\u7d20\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\/k\/\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u610f\u5473\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5225\u306e\u97f3\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u533a\u5225\u306f\u3057\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u96a3\u63a5\u3059\u308b\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8abf\u97f3\u70b9\u304c\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>*k \u2192\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u2192<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color2 d--bold\">[t\u0283]<\/span><\/strong><br>\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3067\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e\u306e *k \u304c\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3[c]\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u60f3\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u671f\u306e10\u4e16\u7d00\u307e\u3067\u306b<strong>\u7834\u64e6\u97f3[t\u0283]<\/strong>\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br>Gmc *kinnuz&gt;OE <strong>c<\/strong>inn &gt; <span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ch<\/span>in<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>*g \u2192\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u2192<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color2 d--bold\">[j]<\/span><\/strong><br>\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e\u306e *g \u304c\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u671f\u307e\u3067\u306b <strong>\/j\/<\/strong> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u534a\u6bcd\u97f3\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u671f\u306f geard \u3068\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u300c\u30a4\u30a7\u30a2\u30eb\u30c9\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3057\u305f&lt;g&gt;\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u3067\u306f<span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u3042\u308a\u304c\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b!)<\/span>\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408&lt;y&gt;\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u8868\u8a18\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>Gmc *gardaz&gt;OE <strong>g<\/strong>eard&gt; <span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">y<\/span>ard<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>*gg \u2192\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u2192<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color2 d--bold\">[dd\u0292]<\/span><\/strong><br>\u91cd\u5b50\u97f3 *gg \u306f\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f&lt;cg&gt;\u306e\u8868\u8a18\u3067<strong>[dd\u0292]<\/strong>\u306e\u9577\u5b50\u97f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767a\u97f3\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u306e bri<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">dge<\/span> \u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u97f3\u306e\u9589\u9396\u3092\u9577\u304f\u3057\u3066\u767a\u97f3\u3059\u308b\u611f\u3058\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>WGmc *aggu&gt;OE e<strong>cg<\/strong>&gt; <span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">e<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">dg<\/span><\/strong>e<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>*sk \u2192\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u2192<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color2 d--bold\">[\u0283]<\/span><\/strong><br>\u5b50\u97f3\u9023\u7d9a\u306e *sk \u3082\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3067 [\u0283] \u306b\u306a\u308b\u5834\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u97f3\u306f&lt;sh&gt;\u306e\u7db4\u308a\u3067\u8868\u8a18\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>Gmc *skipan&gt;OE <strong>sc<\/strong>ip&gt; <span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">sh<\/span>ip<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u7279\u6709\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u4ed6\u306e\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8af8\u8a9e\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6307\u6a19\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u671f\u5f8c\u534a\u304b\u3089\u30f4\u30a1\u30a4\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u53e4\u30ce\u30eb\u30c9\u8a9e\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u501f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u672c\u6765\u8a9e\u3068\u53e4\u30ce\u30eb\u30c9\u8a9e\u7531\u6765\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u5171\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u5074\u304c\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\u70b9\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u82f1\u8a9e\u672c\u6765\u8a9e &#8211; \u53e4\u30ce\u30eb\u30c9\u8a9e\u7531\u6765<\/strong><br>di<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tch<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\"> (\u6c34\u8def)<\/span> &#8211; di<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">k<\/span><\/strong>e <span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u5824\u9632)<\/span><br><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ch<\/span><\/strong>est<span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\"> (\u7bb1)<\/span> &#8211; <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">k<\/span><\/strong>ist <span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u5927\u304d\u306a\u7bb1)<\/span><br><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">y<\/span><\/strong>ard <span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u5ead)<\/span> &#8211; <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">g<\/span><\/strong>arden <span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u5ead)<\/span><br><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">sh<\/span><\/strong>irt<span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\"> (\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4)<\/span> &#8211; <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">sk<\/span><\/strong>irt <span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">(\u30b9\u30ab\u30fc\u30c8)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u306f\u3001<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u53e4\u30ce\u30eb\u30c9\u8a9e\u7531\u6765\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3082\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e get, give \u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308b\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e <strong>g<\/strong>ietan, <strong>g<\/strong>iefan \u306f\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3067\u300c\u30a3\u30a8\u30bf\u30f3\u300d\u300c\u30a3\u30a8\u30f4\u30a1\u30f3\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u5358\u8a9e get, give \u306f\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u7531\u6765\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u53e4\u30ce\u30eb\u30c9\u8a9e\u7531\u6765\u306e(\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u305d\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f)\u5358\u8a9e\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordion b--jinr-block b--jinr-accordion block-2c9bb602-b9ab-4ba8-9c34-bcf6a702d908 d--accordion-default d--accordion-outline\"><style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-2c9bb602-b9ab-4ba8-9c34-bcf6a702d908 .a--accordion-title {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-2c9bb602-b9ab-4ba8-9c34-bcf6a702d908 .b--jinr-accordion-item{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #dddddd!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-2c9bb602-b9ab-4ba8-9c34-bcf6a702d908 .a--accordion-toggle span{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordionchild\"><dl class=\"b--jinr-accordion-item\"><div class=\"a--accordion-toggle\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"a--acc-question ef\">Q<\/div><dt class=\"a--accordion-title d--bold\">\u3010\u3053\u307c\u308c\u8a71\u3011\u79c1\u306e\u8a9e\u5b66\u7d4c\u9a13\u304b\u3089<\/dt><dd class=\"c--accordion-contents\">\n<p>\u79c1\u306f\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u624b\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067 &lt;ge-&gt; \u3092\u300c\u30a3\u30a8\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u30b2\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u77e5\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e &lt;y&gt; \u306f\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067 &lt;g&gt; \u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u7406\u7531\u304c\u521d\u3081\u3066\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3001\u8208\u596e\u3068\u611f\u52d5\u3092\u899a\u3048\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3092\u7d4c\u305f\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30da\u30a2\u304c\u76ee\u306b\u4ed8\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ch<\/strong>in &#8211; <strong>K<\/strong>inn <br><strong>ch<\/strong>ur<strong>ch<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>K<\/strong>ir<strong>ch<\/strong>e<br>\u2192 Kir<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ch<\/span>e \u306e &lt;ch&gt; \u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=1961\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1961\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb<\/a><br><strong>y<\/strong>esterda<strong>y<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>g<\/strong>estern<br><strong>y<\/strong>ellow &#8211; <strong>g<\/strong>elb<br><strong>y<\/strong>ell &#8211; <strong>g<\/strong>ellen<br><strong>y<\/strong>ield &#8211; <strong>g<\/strong>elten<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3055\u3089\u306b\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8a9e\u6e90\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001<strong>a<\/strong>like \u3084 <strong>e<\/strong>nough \u306e\u8a9e\u982d\u306e\u6bcd\u97f3\u3082\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e &lt;ge-&gt; \u306e\u540d\u6b8b\u3060\u3068\u77e5\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e <strong>g<\/strong>leich \u3084 <strong>ge<\/strong>nug \u306a\u3069\u3068\u540c\u6839\u3068\u898b\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3093\u306a\u3053\u3093\u306a\u3067\u3001\u307e\u305f\u307e\u305f\u3042\u306e\u9803\u306e\u8208\u596e\u304c\u3088\u307f\u304c\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3061\u306a\u307f\u306b\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u30eb\u30cd\u30b5\u30f3\u30b9\u671f\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u53e4\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u8a18\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u7db4\u308a\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u904b\u52d5\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u306f\u300c\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u30fb\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u4e07\u6b73\u300d\u3092\u5531\u3048\u308b\u5b66\u8005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5e83\u307e\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306b\u306f\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u7db4\u308a\u304c\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u30fb\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u98a8\u306b(\u97f3\u58f0\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066)\u6539\u5909\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306a\u3093\u3066\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6a2a\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002doubt \u306e b \u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7db4\u308a\u3092\u300c<a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=1495\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1495\">\u8a9e\u6e90\u7684\u7db4\u308a\u5b57<\/a>\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u53e4\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3082\u3057\u300c\u30a2\u30b0\u30ed\u30b5\u30af\u30bd\u30f3\u4e07\u6b73\u300d\u306a\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u305d\u3093\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3089\u3001 yesterday \u3092\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u8a18\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001(\u767a\u97f3\u306f\u5909\u3048\u305a\u306b) <strong>g<\/strong>esterda<strong>g<\/strong> \u306a\u3093\u3066\u3057\u3061\u3083\u3063\u3066\u305f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3044\u3084\u3042\u3001\u305d\u3046\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff01<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/dl><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordion b--jinr-block b--jinr-accordion block-6f46a608-2fb0-4c70-b428-013b6386f653 d--accordion-default d--accordion-outline\"><style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-6f46a608-2fb0-4c70-b428-013b6386f653 .a--accordion-title {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-6f46a608-2fb0-4c70-b428-013b6386f653 .b--jinr-accordion-item{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #dddddd!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-6f46a608-2fb0-4c70-b428-013b6386f653 .a--accordion-toggle span{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordionchild\"><dl class=\"b--jinr-accordion-item\"><div class=\"a--accordion-toggle\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"a--acc-question ef\">Q<\/div><dt class=\"a--accordion-title d--bold\">\u3010\u88dc\u8db3\u3011\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u74b0\u5883<\/dt><dd class=\"c--accordion-contents\">\n<p>\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001&lt;c&gt;&lt;g&gt;&lt;sc&gt;\u306f\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u60a9\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5165\u9580\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u5b50\u97f3\u5b57\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u70b9\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u306b\u306f\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u3089\u3057\u304d\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6b8b\u5ff5\u306a\u304c\u3089\u899a\u3048\u308b\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u3082\u591a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u304c\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u3092\u60a9\u307e\u305b\u308b\u7406\u7531\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list jinr-list\">\n<li>\u540c\u3058\u5358\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u306e\u6709\u7121\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3002<br>\u4f8b: \u5358\u6570\u4e3b\u683c d\u00e6<strong>g<\/strong> \/j\/ =day (\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3042\u308a)<br>\u21d4\u8907\u6570\u4e3b\u683c da<strong>g<\/strong>as \/g\/=days (\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u306a\u3057)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u304c\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3092\u793a\u3055\u306a\u3044\u5358\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u30a6\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u30b5\u30af\u30bd\u30f3\u65b9\u8a00\u3067\u306f\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>\u4f8b: \u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e <strong>c<\/strong>ealf \/t<strong>\u0283<\/strong>\/ (\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3042\u308a)<br>\u21d4\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e <strong>c<\/strong>alf \/k\/ (\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u306a\u3057)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u732e\u304c\u6b8b\u308b\u6642\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u306b\u8868\u8a18\u304b\u3089\u6d88\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540c\u3058\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u53e4\u30d5\u30ea\u30b8\u30a2\u8a9e\u3067\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u306e\u6709\u7121\u304c\u7570\u306a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79c1\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u4f55\u5ea6\u3082\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306f\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u306e\u6709\u7121\u307e\u3067\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u899a\u3048\u308b\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044&#8230;\u3001\u3042\u3068\u306f\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u3050\u3089\u3044\u9593\u9055\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304c\u306a\u3044&#8230;\u3050\u3089\u3044\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u306a\u6982\u8aac\u66f8Ringe(2014: 203)\u306b\u3088\u308b\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u793a\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><span class=\"jinr-d--font-size d--fontsize-13px\">\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u306f\/j, i, y, e, \u00e6\/ \u3068\u305d\u306e\u9577\u97f3\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001i\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u305f\u6bcd\u97f3\u306f\u5bfe\u8c61\u5916\u3002(\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059 \/j, i\/ \u306f\u5bfe\u8c61\u3002)\u3000\/i\/\u306b\u305d\u306e\u9577\u97f3\u3082\u542b\u3080\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u300a\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u300b<\/strong><br><strong><span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">*k<\/span><\/strong><br><strong>\u8a9e\u982d: <\/strong>\u5f8c\u7d9a\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002<br><strong>\u8a9e\u4e2d<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u5f8c\u7d9a<\/span>\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\/i\/\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3001\u6bcd\u97f3\u9593\u3067\u5148\u884c\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\/i\/\u3067\u5f8c\u7d9a\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002<br><strong>\u97f3\u7bc0\u672b:<\/strong> \u8a9e\u672b\u3067\u306f\u5148\u884c\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\/i\/\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002\u5b50\u97f3\u306e\u524d\u3067\u306f\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u306e\u6709\u7121\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">*g<\/span><br><strong>\u8a9e\u982d:<\/strong> \u5f8c\u7d9a\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002<br><strong>\u8a9e\u4e2d:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u5f8c\u7d9a<\/span>\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\/i\/\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6bcd\u97f3\u9593\u3067\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u304c\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002<br><strong>\u97f3\u7bc0\u672b:<\/strong> \u5148\u884c\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7279\u306b *k \u306f\u3053\u308c\u3067\u3082\u304b\u306a\u308a\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u8a9e\u672b\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306f<strong>\u5148\u884c<\/strong>\u6bcd\u97f3\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3001\u8a9e\u982d\u30fb\u8a9e\u4e2d\u3068\u304d\u306f<strong>\u5f8c\u7d9a<\/strong>\u6bcd\u97f3\u3092\u898b\u308b<\/span>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5927\u304d\u306a\u65b9\u91dd\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6587\u732e\u6642\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u306b\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u97f3\u304c\u8868\u8a18\u304b\u3089\u6d88\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3082\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5165\u9580\u66f8\u3092\u898b\u3066\u899a\u3048\u308b\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u65b9\u304c\u3080\u3057\u308d\u6c17\u304c\u697d\u306b\u306a\u308b\u6c17\u304c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">*sk<\/span><br><strong>\u8a9e\u982d: <\/strong>\u5f8c\u7d9a\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002<br><strong>\u8a9e\u4e2d:<\/strong> (\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f)\u5f8c\u7d9a\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002\u5148\u884c\u6bcd\u97f3\u306f\u4efb\u610f\u3002<br><strong>\u97f3\u7bc0\u672b:<\/strong> \u5148\u884c\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u524d\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/dd><\/dl><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordion b--jinr-block b--jinr-accordion block-94c42673-e0c7-4c9e-84c9-35c1a32456d8 d--accordion-default d--accordion-outline\"><style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-94c42673-e0c7-4c9e-84c9-35c1a32456d8 .a--accordion-title {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-94c42673-e0c7-4c9e-84c9-35c1a32456d8 .b--jinr-accordion-item{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #dddddd!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t.block-94c42673-e0c7-4c9e-84c9-35c1a32456d8 .a--accordion-toggle span{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #444444!important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordionchild\"><dl class=\"b--jinr-accordion-item\"><div class=\"a--accordion-toggle\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"a--acc-question ef\">Q<\/div><dt class=\"a--accordion-title d--bold\">\u3010\u767a\u5c55\u7684\u306a\u88dc\u8db3\u3011\u306a\u305c\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u304b<\/dt><dd class=\"c--accordion-contents\">\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u3001Ringe(2014: 51, 203)\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b\u53e3\u84cb\u5316\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u7406\u7531\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u304b\u306a\u308a\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3082\u305d\u3082\u53e4\u8a9e\u306e\u97f3\u97fb\u5909\u5316\u306f\u63a8\u6e2c\u306e\u57df\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3057\u3001\u6587\u732e\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u524d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4e0d\u78ba\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6291\u3048\u3066\u304a\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30ab\u30ae\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=1958\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1958\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u5b50\u97f3\u91cd\u8907<\/a>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u300c\u72af\u4eba\u300d\/j\/\u306f\u3001\u5148\u884c\u5b50\u97f3\u3092\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3\u98a8\u306b\u3057\u305f\u5f62\u3067\u9577\u5b50\u97f3\u5316\u3057\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u266f\u3092r\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u5b50\u97f3\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001*\u266fj&gt;\u266f<sup>j<\/sup>\u266f<sup>j<\/sup>\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9577\u5b50\u97f3\u5316\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u3068\u540c\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\/j\/\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b50\u97f3\u91cd\u8907\u306f\u3001\u3082\u3068\u306e\u300c\u72af\u4eba\u300d\/j\/\u304c\u5148\u884c\u5b50\u97f3\u266f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u9006\u884c\u7684\u306b\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3\u7684\u6027\u683c\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u266f\u306f\u9806\u884c\u7684\u306b\u8abf\u97f3\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u30462\u3064\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u304c\u305b\u3081\u304e\u5408\u3044\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u6027\u683c\u304c\u5171\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3\u7684\u9577\u5b50\u97f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>\u203b\u53e4\u8a9e\u306e\u91cd\u5b50\u97f3\u306f\u3001\u7db4\u308a\u4e0a\u3082\u767a\u97f3\u4e0a\u3082\u9577\u304f\u8aad\u3080\u9577\u5b50\u97f3\u3067\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u9577\u5b50\u97f3\u306e\u6027\u683c\u306f\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3001\u7db4\u308a\u5b57\u4e0a\u306e\u91cd\u5b50\u97f3\u5b57\u306f\u3001\u524d\u306e\u97f3\u3092\u5358\u97f3\u3067\u8aad\u3080\u305f\u3081(i.e. \u9589\u97f3\u7bc0\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u305f\u3081)\u306e\u8868\u8a18\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u91cd\u5b50\u97f3\u306e\u767a\u97f3\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u304b\u306a\u300d(\u5358\u5b50\u97f3)\u3001\u300c\u304b\u3093\u306a\u300d(\u91cd\u5b50\u97f3)\u306e\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u5b50\u97f3\u91cd\u8907\u3067\u751f\u3058\u305f *\u266f<sup>j<\/sup>\u266f<sup>j<\/sup> \u306f\u3082\u306f\u3084 *\u266fj \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u97f3\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u3068\u306f\u805e\u3053\u3048\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u3001*k<sup>j<\/sup>k<sup>j<\/sup>, *g<sup>j<\/sup>g<sup>j<\/sup> \u304c\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u610f\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3067\u898b\u305f\u901a\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u5bc4\u308a\u3067\u767a\u97f3\u3055\u308c\u305f *k, *g \u306f\u3001\u91cd\u5b50\u97f3\u5316\u3067\u751f\u3058\u305f\u97f3\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306a\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3\u306b\u805e\u3053\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8a71\u8005\u306f\u300c\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u5bc4\u308a\u300d\u306e\u97f3\u3092\u3001\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u97f3\u97fb\u898f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u3001\u786c\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3 *k<sup>j<\/sup> *g<sup>j<\/sup> \u3068\u8edf\u53e3\u84cb\u97f3 *k *g \u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/dl><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u6469\u64e6\u97f3\u306e\u8edf\u97f3\u5316\u3068\u786c\u97f3\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u304c\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f4\u3064\u306e<strong>\u7121\u58f0\u6469\u64e6\u97f3 *f *\u03b8 *s *h<\/strong> \u306f\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6709\u58f0\u97f3\u9593\u3067<strong>\u8edf\u97f3\u5316<\/strong>(lenition)\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<p><span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">\u6709\u58f0\u97f3\u9593\u3067\u8edf\u97f3\u5316(\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u5168\u4f53)<\/span><br><strong>\u7121\u58f0<\/strong>\u6469\u64e6\u97f3<strong>*f *\u03b8 *s <br>\u2193<br>\u6709\u58f0<\/strong>\u6469\u64e6\u97f3<strong>*\u03b2 *\u00f0 *z<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001<br><strong>\u8edf\u53e3\u84cb<\/strong>\u6469\u64e6\u97f3<strong> *x<br>\u2193<br>\u58f0\u9580<\/strong>\u6469\u64e6\u97f3<strong> *h<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u3092\u88dc\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f<strong>\u6709\u58f0\u6469\u64e6\u97f3<\/strong>\u304c\u8a9e\u672b\u3067<strong>\u786c\u97f3\u5316<\/strong>(fortition)\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<p><span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">\u8a9e\u672b\u3067\u786c\u97f3\u5316(\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u307f)<\/span><br><strong>\u6709\u58f0<\/strong>\u6469\u64e6\u97f3 <strong>*\u03b2 *\u00f0 *\u0263 *z<\/strong><br>\u2193<br><strong>\u7121\u58f0<\/strong>\u6469\u64e6\u97f3 <strong>*f *\u03b8 *h *s <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3060\u3051\u3060\u3068\u5206\u304b\u308a\u306b\u304f\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3067\u6709\u58f0<strong>\u6469\u64e6\u97f3<\/strong> *<strong>\u03b2 *\u00f0 *<strong>\u0263<\/strong> <\/strong>\u306f<strong>\u9589\u9396\u97f3 b, d, g<\/strong> \u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3001<strong>\u6469\u64e6\u97f3\u306e\u307e\u307e<\/strong><\/span>\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3082\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>bro<strong>th<\/strong>er &#8211; Bru<strong>d<\/strong>er \u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u6469\u64e6\u97f3\/\u00f0\/ (&lt;Gmc \/\u00fe\/)\u3068\u9589\u9396\u97f3 \/d\/ \u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u53e4\u8a9e\u306e\u6642\u671f\u304b\u3089\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u3044\u3060\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e li<strong>f<\/strong>e\/li<strong>v<\/strong>e \u3068\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e Lei<strong>b<\/strong>\/le<strong>b<\/strong>en \u306b<strong>\u6469\u64e6\u97f3&lt;f, v&gt;<\/strong>\u3068<strong>\u9589\u9396\u97f3&lt;b&gt;<\/strong>\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3082\u3053\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e<strong>&lt;th&gt;<\/strong>\u306f\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e<strong>&lt;d&gt;<\/strong>\u3068<strong>\u3001&lt;f, v&gt;<\/strong>\u306f<strong>&lt;b&gt;<\/strong>\u3068\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-designtitle b--jinr-block b--jinr-h2rich d--h2rich-left d--h2rich-style3 d--titledesign-weight-thin d--h2rich-number d--top-margin-xl-pc d--top-margin-xl-sp d--block-animation-off\" style=\"border-color:false\"><div class=\"c--h2rich-decoration\"><div class=\"a--h2rich-number ef\" style=\"color:false\">4<\/div><\/div><div class=\"c--h2rich-contents\"><span class=\"a--h2rich-subcopy ef\" style=\"color:false\">North Sea Germanic<\/span><h2 class=\"a--h2rich-maincopy d--bold ef\" style=\"color:false\">\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3010\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3011<\/h2><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u53f2\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u300c\u30f4\u30a1\u30a4\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u8972\u6765\u300d\u300c\u30ce\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30f3\u30af\u30a7\u30b9\u30c8\u300d\u300c\u30eb\u30cd\u30b5\u30f3\u30b9\u300d\u300c\u5370\u5237\u6280\u8853\u306e\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u300d\u300c\u5927\u6bcd\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb\u300d\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u82f1\u8a9e\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u9023\u306a\u3063\u3066\u7d21\u304c\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u308c\u3001\u3082\u3063\u3068\u305a\u3063\u3068\u524d\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5148\u53f2\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u8a71\u306f\u3044\u3064\u3060\u3063\u3066\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u305d\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u3053\u305d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u6027\u683c\u300d\u306b\u5927\u304d\u304f\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u304c\u6d6e\u304b\u3073\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u3001\u59c9\u59b9\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8a71\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u4eba\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3082\u6c17\u3065\u304d\u304c\u591a\u3044\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u300c\u82f1\u8a9e\u53f2\u300d\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u304c\u305a\u3063\u3068\u8a18\u4e8b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5317\u6d77\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3092\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u5730\u70b9\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u66d9\u306e\u5149\u304c\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u9053\u306e\u308a\u3092\u7167\u3089\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a71\u3092\u9032\u3081\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u3063\u305f\u304b\u306f\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u79c1\u306a\u308a\u306b\u5c02\u9580\u66f8\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u5c3d\u304f\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u66f8\u304d\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3046\u3061\u306b\u3001\u3084\u306f\u308a\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3068\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u3082\u518d\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u304c\u5c4a\u304d\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3084\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u8208\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u304c\u5897\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u3055\u3055\u3084\u304b\u306b\u9858\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-simplebox b--jinr-block-container\"><div class=\"b--jinr-block b--jinr-box d--heading-box2  \"><div class=\"a--simple-box-title d--bold\">\u3053\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u30da\u30fc\u30b8<\/div><div class=\"c--simple-box-inner\"><section class=\"b--jinr-block b--jinr-blogcard d--blogcard-hover-up d--blogcard-style2 d--blogcard-mysite t--round \"><a class=\"o--blogcard-link t--round\" href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=1961\"><div class=\"c--blogcard-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"a--blogcard-img-src\" width=\"128\" height=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB-1.jpg?resize=320%2C180&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb\uff08\u9ad8\u5730\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb\uff09\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3010\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3078\u3011\" \/><\/div><div class=\"a--blogcard-title d--bold\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb\uff08\u9ad8\u5730\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb\uff09\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3010\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3078\u3011<\/div><\/a><\/section>\n\n<section class=\"b--jinr-block b--jinr-blogcard d--blogcard-hover-up d--blogcard-style2 d--blogcard-mysite t--round \"><a class=\"o--blogcard-link t--round\" href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=2063\"><div class=\"c--blogcard-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"a--blogcard-img-src\" width=\"128\" height=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B7%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0%E2%9D%B7-4.jpg?resize=320%2C180&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u5b50\u97f3\u5bfe\u5fdc\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3010\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3011\" \/><\/div><div class=\"a--blogcard-title d--bold\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u5b50\u97f3\u5bfe\u5fdc\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3010\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3011<\/div><\/a><\/section>\n\n\n<p>\u2192<a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?page_id=804\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"804\">\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u5168\u822c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u63a8\u85a6\u66f8<\/a><br>\u2192<a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?page_id=744\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"744\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u53f2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u63a8\u85a6\u66f8<\/a><br>\u2192<a href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?page_id=816\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"816\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u63a8\u85a6\u66f8<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-simplebox b--jinr-block-container\"><div class=\"b--jinr-block b--jinr-box d--heading-box2  \"><div class=\"a--simple-box-title d--bold\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/div><div class=\"c--simple-box-inner\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list jinr-list\">\n<li>\u6e05\u6c34\u8aa0 2012<strong>\u300e\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u5165\u9580\u300f<\/strong>\u4e09\u4fee\u793e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6e05\u6c34\u8aa0 2024<strong>\u300e\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8af8\u8a9e\u306e\u3057\u304f\u307f\u300f<\/strong>\u767d\u6c34\u793e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9808\u6fa4\u901a\/\u4e95\u51fa\u4e07\u79c0 2009<strong>\u300e\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u53f2\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u30fb\u6587\u5316\u30fb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3092\u80cc\u666f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300f<\/strong>\u90c1\u6587\u5802<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5510\u6fa4\u4e00\u53cb\u30fb\u5c0f\u585a\u826f\u5b5d\u30fb\u5800\u7530\u9686\u4e00 2025<strong>\u300e\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a9e\u6e90\u30cf\u30f3\u30c9\u30d6\u30c3\u30af\u300f<\/strong>\u7814\u7a76\u793e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f71\u5c71\u592a\u90ce[\u7de8] 2001<strong>\u300e\u65e5\u82f1\u5bfe\u7167 \u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u69cb\u6587\u300f<\/strong>\u5927\u4fee\u9928\u66f8\u5e97<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u5c3e\u4fca\u592b\u30fb\u5150\u5cf6\u4fee 1990<strong>\u300e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u63a2\u308b\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u6cd5\u300f<\/strong>\u5927\u4fee\u9928\u66f8\u5e97<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fulk, R. D. 2018.<strong><em>&nbsp;A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages<\/em><\/strong>. Amsterdam \/ Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ringe, Don. 2014. <strong><em>The Development of Old English:<\/em><\/strong> A Linguistic History of English vol 2. Oxford University Press <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Salmons, Joseph 2018,\u00a0<em><strong>A History of German<\/strong><\/em>: 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u524d\u56de\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u304c\u5206\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u9ad8\u5730\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u9769\u65b0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5b50\u97f3\u63a8\u79fb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4e00\u65b9\u305d\u306e\u9803\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f&#8230;\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a71\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u4e3b\u306b\u6271\u3046\u306e\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u732e\u304c\u6b8b\u308b\u6642\u4ee3\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u72ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2041,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jinr_url_youtube":"","_jinr_pip_youtube":false,"_jinr_time_youtube":"","_jinr_thumb_youtube":"","_jinr_media_youtube":"","_jinr_category_edit":false,"_jinr_category":"","_jinr_title_display":false,"_jinr_snsbutton_display":false,"_jinr_ads_display":false,"_jinr_thumbnail_display":false,"_jinr_profile_display":false,"_jinr_representations_display":false,"_jinr_relatedpost_display":false,"_jinr_sidebar1col_display":false,"_jinr_sidebar2col_display":false,"_jinr_seotitle_display":"","_jinr_description_display":"","_jinr_keyword_display":"","_jinr_hastag_display":"","_jinr_canonical_display":"","_jinr_noindex_display":false,"_jinr_paidpost":false,"_jinr_paidpost_product_id":"","_jinr_headtag_article":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,9,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-24","category-9","category-19"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B4-1.jpg?fit=2560%2C1440&ssl=1","views":"653","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2004"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2004\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2102,"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2004\/revisions\/2102"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}