{"id":979,"date":"2024-04-18T13:05:49","date_gmt":"2024-04-18T04:05:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=979"},"modified":"2024-04-18T13:05:49","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T04:05:49","slug":"%e3%82%b4%e3%83%bc%e3%83%88%e8%aa%9e%e3%81%ae%e3%81%93%e3%81%a8%e3%80%90%e3%82%b2%e3%83%ab%e3%83%9e%e3%83%b3%e8%aa%9e%e6%9c%80%e5%8f%a4%e3%81%ae%e8%a8%80%e8%aa%9e%e3%81%ae%e3%81%93%e3%81%a8%e3%82%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=979","title":{"rendered":"\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3010\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u6700\u53e4\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u304a\u3053\u3046\u3011"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u4eca\u304b\u3089\u304a\u3088\u305d3000\u5e74\u304b\u30892500\u5e74\u307b\u3069\u524d\u306b\u306f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306f\u5370\u6b27\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3068\u60f3\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3001\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30c7\u30f3\u8a9e\u3001\u30ce\u30eb\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u8a9e\u3001\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u8a9e\u3001\u30c7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u8a9e\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5317\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u304c\u73fe\u4ee3\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u3081\u3093\u3070\u30fc\u305f\u3061\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3055\u3066\u3001\u4eca\u6319\u3052\u305f\u8a00\u8a9e\uff08\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u5317\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3082\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u5225\u306e\u6d3e\u95a5\u3001\u6771\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53e4\u3044\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306f\u5317\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u304c\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u524d\u306e\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u3088\u304f\u4fdd\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6700\u3082\u53e4\u3044\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u59ff\u3092\u4eca\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u3093\u306a\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u6700\u53e4\u53c2\u3001\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"751\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88-2024-04-03-143435.png?resize=1024%2C751&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-996\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88-2024-04-03-143435.png?resize=1024%2C751&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88-2024-04-03-143435.png?resize=300%2C220&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88-2024-04-03-143435.png?resize=768%2C563&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88-2024-04-03-143435.png?w=1500&amp;ssl=1 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-444444-color has-text-color jinr-heading d--bold\">\u97f3\u97fb\uff08\u7279\u306b\u969b\u7acb\u3063\u305f\u7279\u5fb4\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-444444-color has-text-color\">\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8af8\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3092\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u30922\u3064\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u5317\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306b\u5e45\u5e83\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300c\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u300d\u3068\u300c\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u300d\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-444444-color has-text-color jinr-heading d--bold\">\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-444444-color has-text-color\">\u6709\u58f0\u97f3\u306e \/z\/ \u304c \/r\/ \u306e\u767a\u97f3\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0 (rhotacism)\uff1aR\u97f3\u5316\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5317\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u500b\u5225\u7684\u306b\u5e45\u5e83\u304f\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"b--jinr-block b--jinr-blogcard d--blogcard-hover-up d--blogcard-style2 d--blogcard-mysite t--round \"><a class=\"o--blogcard-link t--round\" href=\"https:\/\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/?p=982\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"c--blogcard-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"a--blogcard-img-src\" width=\"128\" height=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yarusena-gogaku.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/youtube-thumbnail-jK9597SNIuY-1.jpg?resize=320%2C180&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\uff08R\u97f3\u5316\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3010\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u97f3\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3011\" \/><\/div><div class=\"a--blogcard-title d--bold\">\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\uff08R\u97f3\u5316\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3010\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u97f3\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3011<\/div><\/a><\/section>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-444444-color has-text-color\">\u3053\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001&#8221;be&#8221; \u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-flexible-table-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td>\u904e\u53bb\u5358\u6570<\/td><td>\u904e\u53bb\u8907\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e<\/td><td><strong>wa<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">s<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>w\u0113<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">s<\/span>um<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u82f1\u8a9e<\/td><td><strong>wa<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">s<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td style=\"background-color:#caffea\"><strong>we<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">r<\/span>e<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e<\/td><td style=\"background-color:#caffea\"><strong>wa<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">r<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td style=\"background-color:#caffea\"><strong>wa<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">r<\/span>en<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u8907\u6570 were \u3084\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306f &lt;r&gt; \u306e\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3067\u306f &lt;s&gt; \u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u4fdd\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u88ab\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9006\u306b\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u3001\u6771\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3068\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5317\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u304c\u8882\u3092\u5206\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u63a8\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eca\u5ea6\u306f\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306b\u5e45\u5e83\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u97f3\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8eab\u8fd1\u306a\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e man \u306e\u8907\u6570\u304c men \u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u306b\u306f\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u6700\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a 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\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53e3\u306e\u524d\u65b9\u3067\u767a\u97f3\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u304c\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7279\u306b\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5e83\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306b\u306f\u304a\u306a\u3058\u307f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8eab\u8fd1\u306a\u4f8b\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e seek \u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306f sought \u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e sought \u306e\u65b9\u304c\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e\u306e\u97f3\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002seek \u306f\u53e4\u3044\u52d5\u8a5e\u6d3b\u7528\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002sought \u2192 seek \u306e\u97f3\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u304c\u3001foot \u2192 feet \u3084 tooth \u2192 teeth \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u300c\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u8907\u6570\u300d\u3068\u540c\u3058\u65b9\u5411\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-flexible-table-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td>\u73fe\u5728\u5f62<\/td><td>\u904e\u53bb\u5f62<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e<\/td><td>*s<strong>o<\/strong>kijanan<\/td><td>*s<strong>\u014d<\/strong>ht\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e<\/td><td>s<strong>o<\/strong>kijan<\/td><td>s<strong>o<\/strong>kida<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e<\/td><td>s<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">\u0113<\/span>can<\/td><td>s<strong>\u014d<\/strong>hte<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e<\/td><td>s<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">ee<\/span>k<\/td><td>s<strong>ou<\/strong>ght<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u8868\u3067\u306f\u8d64\u5b57\u306e\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u72af\u4eba\u306f\u6bcd\u97f3\u8a9e\u5e79\u306b\u7d9a\u304f &lt;j> \u306e\u6587\u5b57\uff08\u97f3\uff09\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e \/i\/ \u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3053\u306e\u534a\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u672c\u6765\u306e o \u3092\u524d\u5074\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u308a e \u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u72af\u4eba\u306e -j- \u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b\u8131\u843d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5909\u5316\u3057\u305f\u5e79\u6bcd\u97f3\u3060\u3051\u304c\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e\u306e\u5f62\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u3088\u304f\u4fdd\u3061\u3001\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3082\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordion b--jinr-block b--jinr-accordion d--accordion-default d--accordion-outline\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-accordionchild\"><dl class=\"b--jinr-accordion-item\" style=\"color:#444444;border-color:#dddddd\"><div class=\"a--accordion-toggle\"><span style=\"background-color:#444444\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color:#444444\"><\/span><\/div><div class=\"a--acc-question ef\">Q<\/div><dt class=\"a--accordion-title d--bold\">\u4e8c\u91cd\u5b50\u97f3\u5316(gemination)<\/dt><dd class=\"c--accordion-contents\" style=\"border-color:#dddddd\">\n<p>\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306b\u3088\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b -jan \u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306f\u3001\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3084\u5317\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6b8b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u4e8c\u91cd\u5b50\u97f3\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081 -jan \u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306f\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u4e8c\u91cd\u5b50\u97f3\u5316\u3068\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30aa\u30c8\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gmc *satjana&gt; OHG setzan, OE settan<br>cf. \u53e4\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u8a9e setja<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/dl><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-simplebox b--jinr-block-container\"><div class=\"b--jinr-block b--jinr-box d--heading-box7  \"><div class=\"a--simple-box-title d--bold\">\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e\u97f3\u97fb<\/div><div class=\"c--simple-box-inner\">\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u306b\u6319\u3052\u305f\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u306f\u3001\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8af8\u8a9e\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e\u307f\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3059\u3002\u9006\u306b\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u3001\u6771\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3068\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5317\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u304c\u8882\u3092\u5206\u304b\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u3084\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u5f62\u614b\uff08\u6982\u7565\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u540d\u8a5e\u985e\u306e\u683c\u5909\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u53e4\u3044\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u683c\u5909\u5316\u3092\u3088\u304f\u4fdd\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<p>\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u3088\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308ba\u8a9e\u5e79\u7537\u6027\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-flexible-table-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>dag\u300c\u65e5\u300d<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5358\u6570<\/td><td>\u8907\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e3b\u683c<\/td><td>dags<\/td><td>dag\u014ds<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5bfe\u683c<\/td><td>dag<\/td><td>dagans<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0e\u683c<\/td><td>daga<\/td><td>dagam<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5c5e\u683c<\/td><td>dagis<\/td><td>dag\u0113<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>dag\u300c\u65e5\u300d\u306e\u683c\u5909\u5316<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<p>\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u683c\u5909\u5316\u306e\u4f8b\u3002\u5148\u307b\u3069\u306e\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0 &lt;s>\u2192&lt;r> \u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u73fe\u4ee3\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3068\u3082\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u306e\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-flexible-table-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>1\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e<\/td><td>\u5358\u6570<\/td><td>\u8907\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e3b\u683c<\/td><td>ik<\/td><td>weis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5bfe\u683c<\/td><td>mik<\/td><td>uns<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0e\u683c<\/td><td>mis<\/td><td>uns<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5c5e\u683c<\/td><td>meira<\/td><td>unsara<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u683c\u5909\u5316\u306f<strong>\u300c\u5f37\u5909\u5316\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5f31\u5909\u5316\u300d<\/strong>\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f31\u5909\u5316\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u5370\u6b27\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e\u304c\u5206\u5316\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3001\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306a\u3089\u3067\u306f\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f31\u5909\u5316\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u904e\u7a0b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u500b\u5225\u5316\u30fb\u7279\u5b9a\u5316\u300d\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f<strong>\u5370\u6b27\u8a9e\u306e -n \u8a9e\u5e79<\/strong>\u306e\u66f2\u7528\u306e\u8ee2\u7528\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u53e4\u8a9e\u3084\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306a\u3069\u306e\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8a9e\u304c\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306f\u5f31\u5909\u5316\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d1a\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306f\u3001<strong>-iz-\/ -oz- <\/strong>\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u3092\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u82f1\u8a9e\u3084\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e -r \u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067 -iz- \u3068\u3044\u3046\u97f3\u304b\u3089\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d1a\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u73fe\u4ee3\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u304c\u5fc5\u305a\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3082\u7d0d\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u3053\u306e\u30a6\u30e0\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f old-elder \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6bd4\u8f03\u5909\u5316\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d1a\u306e\u683c\u5909\u5316\u306f\u5f31\u5909\u5316\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a00\u53ca\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d1a\u306f\u5f31\u5909\u5316\u3057\u304b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u4e0a\u7d1a\u306f <strong>-ist \/ -\u014dst <\/strong>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u5c3e\u3067\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u3084\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3068\u3082\u8fd1\u3044\u5f62\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6700\u4e0a\u7d1a\u306e\u683c\u5909\u5316\u306f\u5f37\u5909\u5316\u3068\u5f31\u5909\u5316\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u3084\u73fe\u4ee3\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3082\u72b6\u6cc1\u306f\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3059\u3002\u53e4\u9ad8\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d1a\u30fb\u6700\u4e0a\u7d1a\u3068\u3082\u306b\u5f31\u5909\u5316\u306e\u307f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u306e\u7279\u5fb4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6642\u5236\u3084\u6cd5\u306e\u8868\u3057\u65b9\u306f\u5317\u897f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8af8\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u5370\u6b27\u8a9e\u306e\u73fe\u5728\uff08\u672a\u5b8c\u4e86\uff09\u8a9e\u5e79\u304b\u3089\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u300d\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u8a9e\u5e79\u304b\u3089\u300c\u5f37\u5909\u5316\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u300d\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u6cd5(subjunctive)\u306f\u5370\u6b27\u8a9e\u306e\u5e0c\u6c42\u6cd5(optative)\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3068\u4ed6\u306e\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3067\u9855\u8457\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u969b\u306b\u3001\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u306a\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u6b27\u8a9e\u306e\u614b\u306f\u80fd\u52d5\u3068\u4e2d\u53d7\u52d5(meidopassive)\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u3064\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u4e2d\u52d5\u3092\u5ec3\u3057\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u307f\u304c\u6b8b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u3067\u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u304c\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<p>niman \u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u80fd\u52d5 nima \u79c1\u306f\u53d6\u308b<br>\u53d7\u52d5 nimada \u79c1\u306f\u53d6\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u8a9e\u6d3e\u306e\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\u306e\u307f\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u53e4\u8a9e\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e\u307f\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u65e9\u3044\u6bb5\u968e\u3067 &#8220;be&#8221; &#8220;get&#8221; \u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5206\u6790\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u3084\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3082\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3067\u306f2\u8a9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3067\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u7d71\u8a9e\uff08\u6982\u7565\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8a73\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u73fe\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7ffb\u8a33\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3044\u3063\u305f\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u304b\u3089\u60f3\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u306b\u591a\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b VO \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b OV\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u60f3\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u611f\u899a\u304b\u3089\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3064\u304d\u306b\u304f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u5e45\u5e83\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3057\u3001\u53e4\u304f\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u3082\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7279\u306b\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u3067\u306f\uff08\u73fe\u4ee3\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\uff09\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u6587\u672b\u306b\u5f8c\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u5e83\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e4\u3044\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u732e\u304b\u3089\u3082\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u306e OV\u8a9e\u9806\u306f\u6709\u529b\u8996\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading jinr-heading d--bold\">\u8a9e\u5f59\uff08\u63a5\u8f9e\u3068\u5f37\u52e2\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u7956\u8a9e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u3001\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u7b2c\u4e00\u97f3\u7bc0\u5f37\u52e2\u3092\u5b88\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3001\u63a5\u982d\u8a9e\u304c\u4ed8\u304f\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u63a5\u8f9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u52d5\u8a5e\u8a9e\u5e79\u306b\u5f37\u52e2\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e for<strong>give<\/strong>, \u73fe\u4ee3\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e ver<strong>ste<\/strong>hen \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u975e\u5206\u96e2\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u306f\u3064\u306d\u306b\u5f37\u52e2\u3092\u3082\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u3067\u306f er<strong>lau<\/strong>ben\u300c\u8a31\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u300d\u21d4 <strong>Ur<\/strong>laub\u300c\u4f11\u6687\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5bfe\u7acb\u306b\u304b\u308d\u3046\u3058\u3066\u898b\u3066\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u6b27\u8a9e\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u3064\u304f\u63a5\u8f9e\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u4ed8\u304f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u7d50\u5408\u6027\u304c\u5f37\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u5408\u6210\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u52a0\u97f3\u3084\u7573\u97f3\u306f\u63a5\u8f9e\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u672c\u4f53\u306b\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30db\u30e1\u30ed\u30b9\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306f\u307e\u3060\u63a5\u8f9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u672c\u4f53\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b4\u30fc\u30c8\u8a9e\u3082\u305d\u306e\u70b9\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u767a\u9054\u3092\u9042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u63a5\u8f9e\u4ed8\u304d\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u5c0f\u8f9e\u304c\u4ed8\u304f\u969b\u306f\u3001\u63a5\u8f9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u672c\u4f53\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-background b--jinr-block b--jinr-background\"><div class=\"o--background-container d--background-design-flat d--background-shadow-s d--border-outset\"><div class=\"c--background-inner d--border-none d--border-1px t--round\" style=\"border-color:#c5c5c5\">\n<p>eg.<strong> us-<span class=\"jinr-d--text-color d--user-color1 d--bold\">nu<\/span>-gibi\u00fe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>us =\u82f1 out<br>nu =\u82f1 now<br>gibi\u00fe =\u82f1 give<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"a--background-color\" style=\"background:#fffbf0\"><\/div><div class=\"a--background-image t--round d--background-pattern1\" style=\"opacity:0.29999999999999993;background-size:16.666666666666668%\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092 zu\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306b\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u524d\u7db4\u308a\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u672c\u4f53\u306e\u9593\u306b zu \u304c\u5165\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u306e\u3068\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u4e00\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u308b\u3068\u524d\u7db4\u308a\u306e\u65b9\u306b\u5f37\u52e2\u304c\u304a\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u5f8c\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u8a9e\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u3067\u3059\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6765\u7684\u306b\u63a5\u8f9e\u4ed8\u304d\u540d\u8a5e\u306f1\u8a9e\u3067\u3001\u63a5\u8f9e\u4ed8\u304d\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f2\u8a9e\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u610f\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u306a\u3069\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u3082\u6709\u7528\u3067\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e REport\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\u3068 rePORT\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u3082\u3001\u305a\u3044\u3076\u3093\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u610f\u8b58\u304c\u50cd\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-jinr-blocks-simplebox b--jinr-block-container\"><div class=\"b--jinr-block b--jinr-box d--heading-box2  \"><div class=\"a--simple-box-title d--bold\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/div><div class=\"c--simple-box-inner\">\n<ul class=\"jinr-list wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6e05\u6c34\u8aa0\uff082024\uff09\u300e\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8af8\u8a9e\u306e\u3057\u304f\u307f\u300f\u767d\u6c34\u793e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u00f6nig, Ekkehard\/Auwera Johan van der (1994), &#8220;The Germanic Languages&#8221; Routledge Language Family Descriptions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ringe, Don (2017), &#8220;From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic&#8221;, 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